Utilization of Agri-waste Biomass and Its Mechanism in Enhancing the Functioning of Biostimulants in Plants

Extensive application of inorganic fertilizers in the agriculture zone has created ecological damage. Unembellished human health problems, poor crop fertility, climate change, and the high maintenance cost of soil are the foremost ill effects of the application of inorganic enrichers and require immediate consideration. To overcome these ill effects, agricultural cultivation has been lifted by the advancement of organic enrichers in using agri-waste biomass (AWB) which enhanced the regulation of phytohormones. Phytohormones are crucial chemical components that can regulate various transduction pathways of plants that help in maintaining crop growth and development. Along with AWB, the phytohormones including auxin, gibberellin, ethylene, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, melatonin, strigolactones, and others alter the signaling cascade, stimulating the synthesis of other important enzymes which further boost the multiple expressions in plants (yield, growth, and quality). AWB includes food waste, crop residue, leaf litter, plant parts, etc., which are used for sustainable management of waste in organic farming. This biowaste has a high content of nutrients, the ability to enhance the production of phytohormones, and also produced useful chemicals. Thus, this chapter presents the sources, pretreatment methods, and utilization of AWB in the productivity of plants. This document also discusses the mechanism of enhancement in the functioning of phytohormones using waste biomass.