Although is it ubiquitous that health disparities are growing and strategies to counteract this reality are failing to undo this social dilemma, international, national and local emphasis should be addressing the roots of this reality. In this chapter health disparities are considered from the perspective of the appropriate development of health literacy based in a specific foundation, that is, salutogenesis. Social structures may impose a heavy load in the effort to tackle health disparities because of the consistent social praxis that is heavily connected with such factors as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, age, migration background, and geographic location. Therefore, questioning those social structures way of operation, the ideological imprints that impact the process of decision-making, will have direct implications for sustainability. This is where the development of health literacy is considered a key factor in the health outcomes provided by those structures that impact extensively and intensively health disparities.