This chapter reviews two independent or synergistic client/patient-centered approaches for guiding individuals toward health behavior change: Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Brief Action Planning (BAP). Regarding MI, the chapter addresses the “Spirit of MI,” four foundational skills (“OARS”), “Change Talk” (“DARN CAT”), and the “Four Tasks” of MI. The chapter describes how clinicians can employ MI skills over the arch and resolution of ambivalence to increase readiness for action planning before using the skill set of BAP as a roadmap into and through “Planning” (the 4th Task of MI). BAP can also function as an independent tool for health behavior change for individuals ready or nearly ready for change. BAP and MI have been integrated synergistically in an innovative conceptual framework described as “BAP-MI.” To help readers understand these varying applications, the authors provide details of their clinical use of MI, BAP, and BAP-MI in areas of their clinical expertise and experience (smoking cessation and bariatrics).