This chapter discusses the critical role of cultural competence in health promotion, particularly in the field of mental health. As societies become more diverse due to globalization and migration, the need for culturally sensitive healthcare has grown, prompting health systems to prioritize cultural competence. Defined as the ability to provide care that respects the cultural beliefs, practices, and needs of various populations, cultural competence is seen as a vital approach to reducing health disparities. This chapter begins by defining the concept and outlining key theoretical frameworks, such as the Cultural Competence Continuum and the Social Determinants of Health, to explain how cultural competence supports better health outcomes, especially in mental health, where cultural perceptions significantly influence illness experiences, stigma, and treatment approaches. By integrating culturally sensitive practices, health promotion efforts can more effectively address mental health disparities and improve patient engagement and satisfaction. The chapter also examines real-world applications through case studies from Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, each showcasing culturally competent mental health promotion tailored to their unique cultural landscapes. In Australia, the Social and Emotional Wellbeing Framework addresses Indigenous Australians’ mental health by considering collective well-being and intergenerational trauma. New Zealand’s Te Whare Tapa Whā model emphasizes a holistic view of health rooted in Māori values, while South Africa’s community-based approach leverages the philosophy of ubuntu and incorporates traditional healers to meet the needs of Black South African communities. These case studies reveal both successes and ongoing challenges, underscoring the need for continuous adaptation, systemic changes, and increased representation of Indigenous health professionals to build an inclusive and equitable healthcare system.