This chapter delves into the essence of Global Health (GH) and its critical role in promoting proper health behavior and illness prevention. GH is a multidisciplinary field that emphasizes the inter-connectedness among all health determinants. The Global Burden of Disease Study, essential in this global era, is presented as a core tool in GH. Understanding the global trends of communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) clarifies the significance of the evolution of health and disease throughout the human population, highlighting the current epidemiological, demographic, and economic transitions. GH emphasizes the role of social determinants and risk factors in shaping health outcomes and behaviors. It is a comprehensive approach that seamlessly incorporates environmental, social, and economic dimensions to foster sustainable development and promote equitable access to health for all. Notably, these fundamental principles have significantly influenced the formulation of the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, devoted to health, but also the health contributions offered by all other SDGs which are succinctly outlined in this chapter. It also discusses the need in GH for innovative interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral research and practice, by integrating technologies and advancements in the field, promoting health literacy across sectors, and formulating inclusive health-sensitive policies in every aspect of human life. While GH is a synthesis of individual person-center care and population health, focusing mainly on disease prevention, the chapter details the importance of preparedness strategies, particularly in the face of emerging health threats like pandemics, antimicrobial resistance, and climate change. Using the examples of climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and antimicrobial resistance, GH’s role in anticipating and mitigating future health risks is also highlighted, thereby stressing its role in contributing to more resilient national and GH systems and populations. This chapter is pivotal for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and students, offering insights into the importance of the principles of GH in fostering an understanding of health challenges on a global scale and underscoring the necessity of a multifaceted, cross-sectoral approach to health promotion and disease prevention.