A Review of Energy Management Systems for Hybrid Electrical Vehicles

In particular, the number of cars powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs) has increased significantly throughout the last decade. Due to the depletion of oil reserves and pollution from ICE-based vehicles, there is a concurrent rise in demand for cars that are both energy-efficient and environmentally benign. Recent years have seen a rise in interest in electric cars (EVs), which are efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly. The battery life of hybrid electric vehicles has a significant impact on their performance (HEVs). Energy management is therefore essential in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) to prolong battery life while maintaining vehicle performance. This study examines the various energy management control methodologies, including rule-based and optimization-based energy management systems. It also examines the development of deep learning-based energy management technologies.