Emmet Territory Optimization Algorithm for Reduction of Pilot Contamination in Massive MIMO Systems

Multipath propagation capacity of the networks is enhanced by availing multipath transmission using MIMO systems. The throughput and efficiency of the system are improved by increasing the number of antennas called Massive MIMO (massive multiple-input multiple-output) system that focuses on the energy efficiency of the network. The occurrence of pilot contamination causes energy degradation and affects the quality of service of the users. Hence multiple scheduling algorithms are introduced to reduce the effect of contamination and as a contribution, in this research, Emmet territory optimization (ETO) algorithm is used for the proper pilot scheduling so that the contamination of the system is greatly reduced. The utility of ETO-based massive MIMO in pilot sequence assignment helps in assigning the pilot signal to the respective users. The characteristics of Emmet in finding the efficient and shortest path are used for assigning of pilot sequence to the respective users that improved the efficiency of the system. The elimination of the pilot contamination improves the spectral efficiency of the massive MIMO systems; hence the user experience gets improved. The proposed method attained an improvement rate of 4.823% in terms of uplink achievable rate and 4.84% improvement rate in terms of SINR.