Impact of Vegetation on Urban Microclimate and Thermal Comfort Level in Banteng Park, Jakarta, Using Envi-Met 3.1

Jakarta’s rapid urban development and high population density cause urban challenges, including thermal comfort issues. Open public spaces, such as Banteng Park, need to ensure acceptable level of thermal comfort for urban social interactions. This study investigates impact of urban microclimate conditions on thermal comfort using ENVI-met simulations at two receptors in Banteng Park, Jakarta. The simulation has recorded temperatures (Ta) from 23.5 to 30 °C, while thermal comfort (Tmrt) ranges from 13 to 64.1 °C, beyond comfort standards. The alternative design of landscape simulations presents the significant improvement of Ta and Tmrt in two receptors significantly improved average daily values compared to the existing conditions. Receptor a’s Ta decreases from Ta of 26.1 to 19.3 °C and Tmrt from 31.5 to 18.8 °C, while Ta 26.14 to 20.36 °C and Tmrt from 29.7 to 23.4 °C in Receptor b. The finding highlights the importance of vegetation to enhance the thermal comfort of urban green spaces to encourage urban social engagement and mitigating the urban temperature increase.