Designing Investment Options for Urban Flood Resilience in Bima and Manado City, Indonesia

Manado and Bima frequently face flooding, caused by natural factors like hydrology, meteorology, and climate. However, human activities in the watershed regions, both upstream and downstream, also trigger floods. These floods lead to social and physical damage and economic threats. To address structural issues causing flooding, stakeholder consultations were conducted in both cities to identify potential interventions for upstream watershed management. The goal is to enhance urban flood protection. The solution involves adopting a payment for environmental services (PES) approach. In Manado City, interventions aim to regulate development and housing patterns in the upstream area while ensuring sustainable services for downstream communities. In Bima City, the focus is on developing alternative income sources for upstream communities, supporting downstream sustainability. These interventions include short-term (focus on monthly/seasonal income), medium-term (focus on annual revenue), and long-term measures (focus on area conservation). Implementing these interventions requires collaboration among various parties, with benefits for all stakeholders.