Spatial Temporal Changes in Mangrove Forests on Tarakan Island, North Kalimantan, Indonesia

Mangroves play an important role in providing essential ecosystem services and resources for fisheries, offering protection against climate change and coastal erosion. Understanding the changes in mangrove forests is essential for the sustainability of the coastal ecosystem. The study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of mangrove forests in Tarakan Island using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images from 2018 and 2023. The analysis shows changes in land cover, with an increase in aquaculture land and a decrease in other land types. The results of the accuracy assessment show good results, with an accuracy value of 0.82 and a Kappa value of 0.78 in the mangrove areas in 2023. These values indicate that the classification of land cover in the study area was reliable and accurate. The conversion of mangrove forests into aquaculture land poses a challenge for their conservation. Therefore, preserving and conserving mangrove forests in the study area is essential for maintaining the ecological balance and supporting the livelihoods of local communities.