Evaluating the Performance of Sentinel-1 GRDH and OCN Datasets in Capturing Sea Surface Wind in Indonesian Seas

Satellite remote sensing using Sentinel-1 data has emerged as a valuable tool for extracting sea surface wind information. This study focuses on deriving sea surface wind data from Sentinel-1 imagery, utilizing two distinct data levels, namely ground range detected high-resolution (GRDH) and ocean (OCN) products. A comprehensive comparison was conducted against field measurements provided by the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) as a reference and also ECMWF data. The comparative analysis is carried out across two different locations, the sea area southern of Java and Makassar Strait. The level of uncertainty in the derived sea surface wind data is influenced by various factors, including the quality of the data sources, processing techniques, atmospheric conditions, and local phenomena. In terms of wind speed, ECMWF demonstrated the lowest standard deviation values and error, while OCN displayed the closest alignment in wind direction aspect. The wind direction near coastal area generated by Sentinel-1 products has higher conformity with the reference data. In conclusion, Sentinel-1-derived sea surface wind could be a potential complement to BMKG data to provide higher resolution as well as wide area coverage.