The Characteristic of Flow Stability of Thunderstorm Events in Indonesia

Indonesia, located in a region with a tropical climate, is highly prone to thunderstorms, which can devastate life, infrastructure, and the economy. The stability of the atmosphere plays a crucial role in the formation of deep moist convection, leading to extreme weather events like thunderstorms. The stability of the atmosphere is determined by three conditions—stable, resulting in sunny weather; unstable, causing severe weather; and neutral. The vertical profile of the air can be used to identify atmospheric stability conditions. This study aims to examine the atmospheric stability conditions during thunderstorms and no significant weather periods from 2018 to 2022. The static stability showed conditionally unstable in both conditions in below 530 hPa, while stable in over 530 hPa. Then, dynamic stability analyzed stable conditions in all pressure levels because the characteristic wind shear in lower levels is weak in both conditions. However, the average convective available potential energy (CAPE) value which explains buoyancy during thunderstorm conditions is higher than the average CAPE value during no significant weather conditions in the entire period.