Near-Surface Oceanic Condition During a Triple Dip La Nina in the Pacific Ocean

Triple dip La Niña is a La Niña phenomenon that occurs for three consecutive winters and affects the global climate and ocean situation, such as sea temperature, salinity, clouds, and rainfall. This study aims to analyze the parameters affected by La Niña in the last three La Niña triple dips over the past 50 years with data used per season, from 1973–1975, 1998–2001, and 2021–2023. The results showed the lowest average SST value in the Pacific Ocean region occurred in the western season of 2000 with a value of 21.5 ℃, and the largest value is in the eastern season of 2020 with a value of 22.24 ℃. The maximum salinity value occurred in the western season of 1999 with a value of 34.85 psu, and the minimum value occurred in the transitional Season 2 of 2020 with a value of 34.59 psu. The difference is not significant because the La Niña index for each period has a small difference. Rainfall in the Pacific Ocean showed significant differences every year. The highest rainfall occurred in transition Season 1 from 2020 to 2022 with a value of 8670.6 mm and the minimum rainfall occurred in the eastern season from 1998 to 2000 with a value of 2596 mm. Ocean heat conditions (OHC) in the Pacific Ocean increased from the first phase to the third phase of the La Niña triple dip. This is due to the dip in La Niña and is reinforced by increasing global warming in the last decade.