Role of Science and Technology for Sustainable Aquaculture Development and Aquatic Ecosystem Management

Increasing recognition is being accorded to the widespread exploitation of fish populations globally, resulting in detrimental effects on aquatic biodiversity and the ecosystem. Unfortunately, fishing activities often yield unintended adverse consequences such as incidental catches of un-targeted species, habitat destructions, shifts in population demographics, and disruption to the ecosystem’s functioning. Shifting from traditional capturing methods to aquaculture emerges as a viable strategy for aquatic environments and conserving biodiversity. As one of the most rapidly expanding industries, aquaculture is adapting and intensifying to meet the growing demand for aquatic food products driven by a burgeoning global population. The application of diverse scientific techniques and methodologies offers pathways to achieve sustainable aquaculture that harmonizes with environmental and ecological considerations while also ensuring economic viability and accounting for social dimensions. The chapter focuses on the pursuit of sustainable development within the aquaculture and fisheries sector through the intervention of science and technology. Further, it offers a concise overview of various initiatives undertaken by nations and organizations to promote biodiversity conservation and responsible aquaculture management. In summation, the judicious application of scientific innovations, combined with strategic approaches and regulatory framework, holds positive outcomes for aquatic life and their habitats, thus enduring prosperity of the fishing industry.