Context and Motivation

The history of artificial intelligence is deeply related to that of computer science, in general, and machine learning, in particular. In this chapter, we give a perspective of the salient points of this history, before discussing more precisely the very meaning of computers learning to become intelligent. We then highlight the fragility of current machine learning schemes and the dangerous implications of this fragility on many critical applications, before discussing the meaning of making such learning robust. We conclude the chapter by reviewing the content of the book and discussing the intended audience.