Microbial Technology: Tools for Waste Management; Environmental Sustainability and Environmental Safety

In the current scenario, land, water, and air are highly polluted with diverse types of the contaminants that deteriorate the human and animal health directly or indirectly. Although most of the pollution is self-generated by mankind due to the establishment of various industries without appropriate norms, unmanaged waste of livestock, municipal solid waste, and excess use of chemicals in agriculture and daily life. The best method to rid off from all types of the pollution and harmful effects are avoid or imposing ban on such type of industrial units and activities. But in modern era it’s not possible to because of always scare of sudden increase in unemployment and huge economical loss. Second alternate is taking advantage of highly efficient diverse types of the microbes such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are excellent bio-degraders of organic waste and recycled the waste to further value-added products. In literature there are so many reports available in which researchers also bio-remediate the soils from high contaminants like heavy metals and toxic pesticides. Additionally, the use of genetically modified microorganisms (GMOs) can help in the conversion of highly toxic chemicals to less harmful. This chapter provides the proper updated information on the state of the art of different waste types and shows how the microorganisms can be effectively used for the waste management (WM) and more environmentally sustainable practices. It also confers the interpretation to the readers about the areas of highly explored and the field where there is still much left to be done.