The Utilization of Microorganisms for the Sustainable Development of Environmental Issues

The future of food security is becoming an increasingly significant concern as a result of exponential human population growth. Challenges such as land degradation, reduced agricultural productivity, and vulnerability to both abiotic and biotic pressures are becoming increasingly prevalent within the agricultural sector. Furthermore, human activities like urbanization and industrialization are contributing to the production of large amounts of waste, which poses a substantial risk to ecosystems worldwide. Beneficial soil microorganisms (BSMs) are proposed as potential tools for achieving sustainable environmental management. These microorganisms exhibit various mechanisms that hold promising commercial potential for addressing major environmental concerns. Currently, products utilizing beneficial microbes are being successfully employed in agroecosystems. In this review, we highlight the significance of beneficial soil microbes, particularly bacteria and fungi that enhance plant growth, in the context of environmentally responsible agriculture and the mitigation of environmental issues.