Microbial Manganese Peroxidase: Ligninolytic Enzymes for Bioremediation

The industrial applications of ligninolytic enzymes of microbes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, and manganese peroxidase have increased in popularity. In the microbial ligninolytic system, manganese peroxidases play a significant role. Oxalic acid and other fungal chelators help convert the Mn (II) ions from soil and wood into Mn3+ form which is more reactive. The phenolic lignin is broken down and free radicals are produced, but Mn3+, a less molecular weight molecule, functions as a diffusible redox intermediary. The alcohol, biofuel, food, cosmetic, agricultural, and textile industries are just a few of the many that could benefit from this technology. The mechanisms for catalytic reactions, biotechnological technological applications, and sources are the primary focuses of this review. Manganese peroxidases, however, can degrade a wide variety of xenobiotic compounds and generate polymeric products that can be used as effective bioremediation instruments. Microorganisms called MnPs can break down lignin into sugars that can then be used to produce biofuels. This chapter focuses mainly on the contemporary state and recent advancements pertaining to the manganese peroxidase enzyme.