Significance of Microbes in Heavy Metal Detoxification from Environment

Contamination that began via heavy metals (HMs) has become a global issue in recent years as it affects the environment such as soil, plants, aquatic life, and human health. Heavy metals are widely known as environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulative nature. However, heavy metals (HMs) are introduced in the environment by various means including industrial and anthropogenic activities. Due to their toxicity and implications in the environment, it is necessary to detoxify them with the utilization of different microorganisms. Microbes that include fungi, bacteria, and algae played a crucial role in heavy metal detoxification through various mechanisms.