Modelling Spray in GDI Engines: Fuel Injection Modelling

Conventional spark ignition engines that use gasoline for ignition typically require a mixture to be prepared by the carburettor. Port fuel injection systems allow for fuel injection into the engine’s intake port, which then passes through the combustion chamber in the form of a mixture cloud. This mixture is then mixed with the air present in the combustion chamber. Recently, the development of electronically controlled fuel injectors has enabled the direct injection of gasoline at high pressure, similar to diesel engines, allowing for greater efficiency and reduced emissions. The direct injection of gasoline in the combustion chamber offers several advantages, including improved volumetric efficiency because of reduced in-cylinder gas temperatures resulting from direct injection of the fuel; precise control of the fuel–air mixture; locally stratified mixture formation; and improved fuel atomization, thus improving overall combustion efficiency.