Involuntary Movements

Movement disorders usually result from dysfunction of the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia are situated at the base of the forebrain and at the top of the midbrain. Basal ganglia are strongly interconnected with the cerebral cortex, the thalamus and the brainstem as well as several other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions, including control of volitional movement, ocular movement cognition, emotion and procedural and habit learning.