Hokkaido University

In this chapter, we tested the reliability and validity of the combined scale (School-Level Environment Questionnaire: SLEQ and Cooperative/Competitive Strategy Scale: CCSS) within the context of Hokkaido University. The SLEQ demonstrated relatively good fit to the data, whereas the CCSS did not exhibit a very high model fit. The average scores of sub-scales in the SLEQ and CCSS slightly varied across faculties and the gender of students. Implications and future directions for the application of these scales were discussed.