Nurturing Individual Resilience Through Urban Management

In Chap. 5 , we discussed that the individual resilience performance is insufficient to reduce the impacts of high vulnerabilities to urban flooding in Gongming. In Chap. 6 , we identified 11 variables covering six groups of factors reflecting personal perceptions that limit individual resilience performance in Gongming. We also found that social environment on community level in the form of gated community increases individual resilience. The identification of these factors does not only confirm that the personal perceptions of urban flooding, physical environment and social environment can influence individual resilience performance, forming the People-Disaster-Place-Society-Resilience relationship networks, but also provide the empirical foundations for place-responsive urban management to improve individual resilience performance. The conceptual review in Chap. 2 points out that nurturing individual resilience is closely related to the learning paths of individuals, social groups, and governments. Low individual resilience suggests problems related to learning paths in Gongming; however, we still do not understand the degree to which the urban management can nurture human behavior towards resilience. Therefore, whether management can compensate the deficiency of the learning paths needs to be examined.