Advanced Techniques in Upgrading Crude Bio-oil to Biofuel

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发表日期：

2024年

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Abiodun Oluwatosin Adeoye,
Rukayat Oluwatobiloba Quadri,
Olayide Samuel Lawal,
Dosu Malomo,
Emmanuel Oghenero Emojevu,
Omotayo Oluyemisi Omonije,
Olalere Kayode Odeniyi,
Moshood Olatunji Fadahunsi,
Muhammad Jibrin Yelwa,
Samson Abiodun Aasa,
Augustine Eyikwuojo Onakpa,
Busuyi Patrick Omoniyi,
Ibrahim N. Mark,
Joseph Usman,
Aminu Muhammad Ismaila,
Abdullahi Usmanu Saidu

摘要

The transition towards sustainable energy sources necessitates the exploration of alternative options, and biomass waste presents a promising avenue for biofuel production. This study delves into advanced techniques for upgrading crude bio-oil derived via thermochemical conversion of biomass waste, transforming it into a viable and efficient biofuel. The study highlights the significance of biofuels, the potential of biomass waste as an energy resource, and the need for upgrading crude bio-oil to overcome its limitations. Pyrolysis emerges as a key process to convert biomass waste into bio-oil, setting the stage for further discussions. The energy-related physicochemical properties of bio-oil are explored, unveiling its complex nature and limitations. High oxygen content, low thermal energy (heating value), and corrosiveness are key limitations of crude bio-oil. These limitations set the backdrop for advanced upgrading techniques that aim to enhance bio-oil's quality and applicability. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), catalytic cracking, and hydrotreating emerge as critical upgrading methods. HDO reduces oxygen content through catalytic reactions, catalytic cracking breaks down complex compounds into valuable hydrocarbons, and hydrotreating reduces impurities. Each technique's mechanisms, benefits, and challenges are discussed. Upgraded biofuels resulting from these techniques exhibit improved energy-related physicochemical properties. Reduced oxygen content, higher calorific value, and decreased corrosiveness achievable via these mechanisms for bio-oil make them viable replacements for fossil fuels. Moreover, upgraded biofuels have substantial benefit since they demonstrated improved combustion property, emitting fewer pollutants and contributing to cleaner energy systems. The compatibility of upgraded biofuels with internal combustion engines and existing infrastructure positions them as practical alternatives. The transition towards commercialization is examined, considering economic feasibility and environmental benefits. Ongoing research trends, technological advancements, and policy frameworks shape the future prospects of upgraded biofuels.