Ammonia as Green Fuel for Spark-Ignition Engines for Future Transportation

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), “green” hydrogen will be a critical component of the world's transition to a sustainable energy future since it is one of the most promising and clean energy carriers for both transportation and power generation. Faced with the challenge of lowering greenhouse gas emissions and shifting to greater use of renewable energies, ammonia (NH3) is becoming more widely recognised as a viable “green carrier” transportation fuel. However, its combustion properties (high minimum ignition energy and auto-ignition temperature, poor combustion speed compared to conventional hydrocarbon fuels) have limited its employment to this point. The application of a combustion promotor can enhance the combustibility of NH3. Combustion promoters are more reactive fuels that are used in conjunction with ammonia to increase ignitability and flame speed. Common ICE fuels like diesel and gasoline, as well as alternative fuels like hydrogen, methane, ethanol, and natural gas, might be used as combustion boosters for NH3. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the potential of ammonia as a fuel for dual-fuel spark-ignition engines and possibilities for future transportation. This chapter reviews the possible use of NH3 as fuel with combustion buster emphasis on Gasoline, Hydrogen, and Methane. We also focused on advanced technology such as jet turbulence ignition as a possible option for NH3 combustion research.