Whole Tyre and Crumb Tyre Rubber Utilization, Global Trends, and Markets

The usage of automotive tyres is an important resource since transportation is critical to a country’s economic and social growth. The global demand for motor vehicle tyres for 2022 is reported to have reached 3.2 billion units. However, end-of-life tyres (ELT) have presented themselves as environmental burdens due to their complex structure and composition, resulting in disposal and recycling challenges. Consequently, many developed and developing countries have established laws and regulations to channel ELT into various material recovery initiatives. This work aims to review all the different methodologies (such as ambient grinding, cryogenic grinding, wet grinding, etc.) utilized by developed nations like the European Union (EU), the United States of America (USA), and Japan that have yielded successful recovery rates in several waste tyre material recovery management options. Affirmatively, developing countries such as South Africa and Brazil have adapted a similar approach to divert significant quantities of ELT away from landfills. This article concluded that various waste tyre material recovery management options exist and are practically feasible for both developed and developing nations; however, their final product application is dependent on market availability and acceptability of waste tyre-derived products.