Heavy Metals Health Risk Assessment and Source Analysis in Groundwater of Tianjin

In order to investigate the groundwater environment in Tianjin City. Nine heavy metal elements in 93 groundwater specimens were detected. Multiple statistical analysis and comprehensive evaluation modus were applied to explore the distribution as well as pollution of heavy metal elements. The average values of heavy metal contents were Mn > Ba > Zn > As > Se > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd. The Mn, As and Ba outstriped the national level II standard. Besides other heavy metals were conform to the national level I standard. The groundwater was polluted by Mn, Se, As, Ba. Ni, Cu, and Zn in the groundwater mainly came from industrial, agricultural, and traffic pollution. Pb and Cd influenced by natural sources. Ba, As, Mn, and Se impacted by human activities and natural factors simultaneously. The carcinogenic risk of groundwater was mainly affected by As, with the main influencing pathway being the drinking route. The lifetime risk of cancer in both adults and children was greater than 1 × 10−4 a−1. The non-carcinogenic risk of groundwater was affected by As and Se. The non-carcinogenic risk of drinking was greater than skin contact. Comparing children, the risk in adults is higher. The non-carcinogenic risk values of both children and adults exposed through two pathways are higher than the safety limit of 1.