Harvesting the Future: Navigating the Challenges and Limitations of AI in Agriculture

Artificial intelligence (AI)Artificial Intelligence (AI) is among perhaps the most paramount disciplines of computer scienceScience and has impacted a wide range of domains, including the field of education medical care, finance, and industry, due to its aptitude for problem-solving that people are unable to solve. Employing AI in agriculture is a remarkably promising alternative for addressing food insecurity and adapting to the requirements of a rising population which examines the InternetInternet of Things (IoT), an innovationInnovation with enormous opportunities for the future. Despite all of AI’s trump cards in agriculture, there are manifold serious hurdles in its use. Predominantly, AI issues are that these technologies are not affordable to many farmers in underdeveloped countries. These technologies can only be employed on large farms. AI systems’ distribution in agriculture may be uneven due to limited internetInternet access and expertise in handling operations. This could result in delayed and uneven adoption, potentially impacting food productionProduction beyond natural limits. Factors like insects, soil, and inert materials also influence grain characteristics. Since many physical devices, including the IoT, may be left unattended for extended periods of time, they are initially susceptible to hardware attacks. This chapter provides: (a) tutorial on IoT and AI advancements in smart agriculture; (b) analyzing two technologies’ adoption challenges and obstacles; and (c) a thorough discussion of the technological and social future trends that will be present after smart agriculture systems are widely used by farmers around the world.