Integration of AI and IoT in Soilless Cultivation to Power Sustainable Agricultural Revolution

The growing population and the effects of climate change have made it increasingly difficult to provide enough food, as fertile land becomes scarce. Traditional farming methods are inefficient and require large amounts of natural resources, such as land, water, and fertilizers. Maintaining the desired nutrient levels during crop growth is also a challenge. To address these issues and achieve food securitySecurity, many countries are adopting smart farming concepts that utilize IoT platforms and artificial intelligence. One such technique is soilless cultivation, a cutting-edge method that allows for the growth of fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants without soil. Soilless cultivation is highly regarded worldwide for its ability to maximize crop productionProduction in a productive and intensive manner. It utilizes closed growing systems that enable the collection and reuse of drainage, minimizing water and nutrient losses to the environment. By integrating IoT sensors, continuous monitoring of crop growth is made possible. Hydroponics, aeroponics, and aquaponics are the commonly used soilless cultivation techniques, employing nutrient solutions and inert media to support plant growth. These advancements in technology offer promising prospects for agriculture, but also present challenges. This chapter explores the current technological developments, potential opportunities, and obstacles in the field of soilless cultivation.