Behavioral Study of the Impulse Waveform Superimposed with Sinusoidal Power Frequency in Transmission Line

In this paper, a study of high-frequency traveling waves on a transmission line is presented. Traveling waves are voltage and current waves that travel from the source end to the load end of any power equipment, especially of a transmission line during transient conditions. Short and medium-length transmission lines are represented by equivalent T or π-model, and electrical parameters of the line are considered as lumped parameters, but this is only feasible for the steady state condition of the system. However, whenever a transient took place or in the case of a long transmission line, these parameters are treated as distributed. In a lossy transmission line, traveling waves propagate with a velocity less than the speed of light. During normal operating conditions, the load of the transmission line matched with the surge impedance of the transmission line to avoid any reflection. However, whenever there is a mismatch in the impedance within a transmission line or in the load, this high-frequency pulse will be reflected as well as refracted. A behavioral study of this impulse waveform can detect any possible defects or pre-fault as well as post-fault locations due to a mismatch in the total impedance of the circuit. This paper summarized the behavior study and extraction of superimposed impulse waveform with sinusoidal voltage on transmission lines for faults and defects at different locations.