Different Algorithm of Quality of Service for Lifetime Maximization in MANET

The design of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) faces several challenges because MANETs are resource-constrained. In order to achieve energy saving, it is necessary to optimize the interlayer design. Cross-layer optimization aims at providing the best solution from different layers to achieve the quality-of-service parameters. Traditional routing protocols were modified to address MANET limitations, and routing protocols such as DSDV, DSR, and AODV were developed to meet the needs of this dynamic network. MANET is used for real-time transmission of traffic such as video and audio alongside data traffic. For real-time traffic, providing routing with quality of service (QoS) is a difficult task. MANET has modified traditional routing protocols to provide QoS, but most of the proposed protocols focus on one or two QoS parameters when identifying paths. Path stability is ignored when node mobility causes frequent path interruptions, leading to link interruptions, node power loss, and node failures. Network topology can be controlled by node transmit power, which also reduces interference. Therefore, network performance parameters such as throughput and network longevity can be improved. The requirement for low end-to-end latency is at odds with power consumption. These conflicting issues had to be considered when improving network resilience. Lifetime Extended Routing (LER) protocol is proposed in MANET to select efficient paths to destinations using residual current and discharge rate as cost metrics. The LER protocol minimizes node congestion and provides load balancing.