Electric Vehicle Flexible Charging Load Control for Comprehensive Energy System Operation with Renewable Energy

In the present day, the sustainable development of modern society is threatened by the energy crisis and global warming. Efficient use of renewable generations (RGs) such as wind turbines (WT) and photovoltaic (PV), and rapid advancements in electric vehicles (EVs) present an opportunity to address these issues (Lv et al. in IEEE Trans Industr Inf 16:3540–3547, 1). As an effective mediator of renewable energy resources, an integrated energy system (IES) can effectively merge various types of distributed energy, loads, energy storage and other devices and control systems to meet the multi-energy demands of the user (Wang et al. in IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 10:1939–1949, 2).