Flexible Industrial Load Control for Renewable Power System Operation

Renewable energy (RE) has been deployed significantly in recent years. Obviously, it is a suitable substitute of traditional thermal generators to achieve sustainable development of the world (Zhao et al. in IEEE Trans Ind Inform 16(5):3460–3469, 2020; Kumar et al. in IEEE Trans Ind Inform 15(5):2947–2957, 2019; Rehmani et al. in IEEE Trans Ind Inform 14(7):2814–2825, 2018). Taking wind power as an example, its installed capacity has reached 1.84 million kilowatts by the year of 2018, accounting for 9.7% of the total generation capacity in China, and is predicted to be 24 million kilowatts and 33.8% by 2030 (China 2050 high renewable energy penetration scenario and roadmap study, 2015). However, the utilization of available RE is not effective with the increasing of the installed wind power capacity. For instance, wind power curtailment rates in some provinces of China, such as Xinjiang, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia, were as high as 23% in the year of 2018 (National Energy Administration, 2018). Therefore, it is essential to enhance the utilization of RE to further support its development (Tushar et al. in IEEE Trans Ind Inform 14(1):117–126, 2018; Wu et al. in IEEE Trans Power Syst 31(6):4185–4196, 2016).