Inorganic, Organic and Polymer-Based Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials have found enormous applications in distinct fields owing to their unique properties viz. large and functional surfaces, ease of functionalization, high surface area to volume ratio, stability, optical, electrooptical, magnetic and dynamic behaviors. The nanomaterials are characterized in various categories based on morphological structures like nanosheets, nanotubes, nanocapsules, dendrimers, quantum dots, and fullerenes etc. Diverse applications of the nanomaterials depend upon their shape& size anisotropy, surface properties and transport mechanism of charge carriers. This chapter is dedicated to the scientific phenomenon, processing and characterization and applications perspective of inorganic, organic, and polymer nanomaterials to provide useful insights to aid the future development of efficient and commercially viable technology for large-scale production. In these aspects, inorganic nanomaterials are non-toxic, hydrophilic, biocompatible, and more stable while organic nanomaterials are compared to inorganic highly toxic but due to their good solubility in various solvents these can be used in the application of life and material science. On the other hand, polymer nanomaterials are colloidal particles within the range of size 1–1000 nm. The unique properties of polymer nanoparticles like large synthetic flexibility, biocompatibility, biodegradation, and absorbance to macromolecular substances properties make it a very impressive nanostructure in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical science.