Fundamental Ideas and Concepts in Citizen Science

Citizen science is a collaborative approach to scientific research that engages experts and the general public. It spans various fields, from natural sciences to the humanities. Projects vary according to objectives but continue to focus on research, education, or societal change, which frequently occur with trade-offs among these objectives. Several factors contribute to the advancement of citizen science, including the urgency of global environmental issues, expansion of big data, improved educational opportunities, policy recommendations, and technological advancements. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) plays a vital role in enhancing the processing, scalability, and engagement of data, although ethical concerns must be addressed. Guiding principles and participation models provide essential frameworks for these initiatives. This chapter intends to provide basic knowledge of citizen science and its dynamic and diverse nature and global expansion.