Potentials and Prospects of AMF for Soil Carbon Sequestration and Nutrient Cycling in Rice-Based Cropping System

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are essential in soil carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling in rice-based cropping systems (RBCS). AMF generally form symbiotic associations with the roots of most plants, including rice, and help them to acquire nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil. In return, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates that it has synthesized through photosynthesis. AMF can increase soil carbon sequestration by promoting organic matter accumulation. AMF hyphae can bind soil particles and create stable aggregates that protect soil organic matter from decomposition. AMF also enhance the activity of soil microorganisms that break down organic matter, which leads to the release of nutrients that plants can use. In RBCS, AMF improve crop productivity and reduce the need for chemical inputs. This is because AMF improve the uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients from the soil, which can be limiting in many rice-growing areas. Farmers can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers. Deployment of AMF in RBCS significantly benefits soil health and crop productivity. However, the effectiveness of AMF in these systems depends on a range of factors, such as soil conditions, crop management practices, and the species of AMF present. There is an urgent need to understand these factors and develop effective strategies for using AMF to promote alternative crop establishment methods and conservation agricultural practices in RBCS.