Co-inoculation of AMF and Other Microbial Biofertilizers for Better Nutrient Acquisition from the Soil System

The synergistic interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms may be beneficial, harmful, or neutral for the plant and those effects can be varying with both biotic and abiotic parameters of the plant root rhizosphere micro-environment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) interact with other beneficial microbes in soil and significantly enhance the nutrient acquisition from the soil system to their host plant and further, influence the plant growth and productivity than the application of their single inoculants. During these interactions complex sets of signals are exchanged between plant-microbes and microbes- microbes. These interactions can be mutual, symbiotic, or saprophytic. By indicating an excellent example for a biofertilizer, a consortium of these microorganisms convert biologically unavailable nutrients that are already present in the soil to its bioavailable form that host plants can absorb. In this review, we discussed the synergistic interaction of AMF with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB), plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF), dark septate endophytes (DSE), mycorrhizae associated bacteria, and mycorrhizae helper bacteria (MHB) for increasing of plant acquisition of macro and micronutrients mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc.