Application of AM Fungi in Phytoremediation of Heavy-Metal Contaminated Soil

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can establish mutualistic relationships with the majority of terrestrial plants and have been found to survive in soils contaminated with heavy metals (HMs). It has been shown that AM fungi not only enhance the tolerance of host plants to HMs, but also accelerate the phytoextraction of HMs, improve the absorption capacity of HMs and stabilize HMs to prevent their migration in the terrestrial ecosystem, which play an important role in phytoremediation of HMs contaminated soil. This chapter aims to summarize the remediation mechanisms and application scenarios of AM fungi for different HMs in soil, and also covers the performance of AM fungi in combination with other techniques.