Application of AMF Under Continuous and Diverse Fertilization Regime: Case Studies

The rapid increase in the world population and the industrialization process has led to an increase in the use of chemical fertilizers to increase productivity in agricultural areas. Today, the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural areas is at the highest level. In other words, it is not possible to increase yield by increasing the amount of fertilizer given. However, conventional aquaculture is completely dependent on chemical inputs, which means that the agricultural lands that are cultivated become barren and salinized over long years, in short, the healthy soil is lost. For this reason, to protect the health of the soil, agronomists seek alternative environmentally friendly strategies which support increasing agricultural production system in sustainable manner along with minimal adverse impact on overall environmental health. In addition, the drought experienced due to climate changes in recent years has adversely affected the efforts to improve the soil. The roots of many plant species have low absorption power, so most of the fertilizer applied to the soil is carried to another place by irrigation water before it passes through the plant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new methods to increase plant absorption power. Using beneficial microorganisms, which are called biofertilizers, in agricultural production is an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fertilizer applications. Of the beneficial microorganisms, mycorrhizae form a symbiotic relationship with most of the crops produced in agriculture. Mycorrhiza increases plant and root growth, root absorption power, nutrient uptake, and plant resistance to stress conditions. The use of mycorrhiza in crop production areas will reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and water use. There are no mycorrhizae as a result of disinfecting the soils in greenhouse agriculture. There is no mycorrhiza in the substrates used in soilless agriculture. In particular, the use of fertilizers in greenhouse agriculture is much higher than in open cultivation. Encouraging the use of mycorrhiza in greenhouses will significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Mycorrhiza application in both field and greenhouse crop cultivation requires the application of recommended fertilizer amounts. This not only ensures the effective operation of mycorrhizae but also ensures the use of less chemicals, a cleaner environment, and higher-quality products. For this reason, plant nutrition strategies should be in the form of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers to a certain percentage with mycorrhiza application.