Fermion Masses from Structures in Abstract Spaces

This work presents a mechanism that naturally produces hierarchical masses starting with \(\mathcal {O}(1)\) parameters. Neutrino masses and mixing a ĺa PMNS matrix have been generated starting from structures in abstract spaces. The presence of randomness in these models makes them more efficient. Many features of these models are generic for many one-dimensional structures (linear chains) and two dimensional structures.