Oral health is a vital and integral element of health, well-being, and quality of life. The wider use of fluorides and socioeconomic developments have significantly contributed to oral health gains for people worldwide. Common oral diseases and conditions such as dental caries, periodontal disease, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), oral cancer, and orodental trauma are largely preventable and controllable. There are evidence-based and cost-effective strategies in this regard. However, oral diseases continue to remain a major public health problem in many parts of the world, with the burden polarized among the socially disadvantaged and vulnerable populations. Dentistry is dominated by a curative bias. As highlighted by the “La-Cascada declaration” in 2017, formulated by a group of eminent senior scientists, researchers, and academics, the dental profession at present is inappropriately and inadequately trained for dealing with oral health problems of the public. The mouth has been separated from the rest of the body, and oral health is often overlooked. Furthermore, dentistry seems to be drifting away from its fundamental task of preventing and controlling the initiation of oral diseases, their progression, and promoting oral health. Instead, the dental profession is overburdened with treatment provision yet ineffective in mitigating the oral disease burden. In promoting oral health, a dentist should ideally play a pivotal role in personalized, targeted preventive care plans through population-based approaches. Against this backdrop, this chapter provides an overview and insights into the evolving role of the dentist and dental technology education in promoting oral health and prevention and control of oral diseases.