Research is either resolving a problem or a rational or logical means of understanding a topic or an issue, i.e., creating new knowledge. It is widely accepted that research paradigms are guided by three philosophical views (also referred to as branches or elements of philosophy), namely, ontology, axiology, and epistemology. Research has been broadly categorized as qualitative and quantitative research. A mixed methods research approach comprising qualitative and quantitative components of healthcare research is now more common than in the past. Healthcare research in dental and medical faculties occasionally in conjunction with other faculties such as science, pharmacy, and social science should be aimed at searching for new and actual knowledge and wisdom in various dimensions of healthcare, namely, but not limited to, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and cure. This chapter brings an academic discourse on the philosophy, paradigm, purpose, and methodology of research with specific examples of healthcare research in dentistry.