Research on Oilfield Surface Environment Assessment Method Based on High-Precision Global Land Cover Data Analysis

In recent years, the country has successively passed a series of laws and regulations on the reform of the mining rights system, especially related to exploration and construction, land use, and ecological environment restrictions, which have a profound impact on the exploration decision-making and development of oil fields. Analyzing the available dimensions of mining rights, comprehensively evaluating the ground environment, determining whether the ground conditions can be constructed, and the difficulty of construction, has become one of the important tasks in oilfield exploration deployment and mining rights evaluation. GlobeLand30 is the world's first high-resolution land cover dataset, with the advantages of comprehensive information coverage and high display accuracy. This article takes GlobeLand30 as the starting point, and through key steps such as data collection and download, coordinate projection conversion, and vectorization into maps, it achieves the accurate display of all surface elements in oilfield exploration areas for the first time, accurately implementing the distribution and morphology of various surface elements. Meanwhile, combined with the analysis of oilfield exploration and construction technology and policy restrictions, the surface types of difficult operation areas in the exploration area have been clarified, and precise evaluation of the surface environment has been achieved through hierarchical classification and vectorization mapping. The results indicate that the main types of surface cover in the Daqing Oilfield exploration area of the Songliao Basin are cultivated land, grassland, water bodies, wetland, and artificial surfaces; The most difficult construction operations are water bodies and wetland, followed by artificial surfaces, and the construction difficulty of cultivated land, grasslands, and forest also needs to consider policy restrictions. The ground environmental assessment method based on GlobeLand30 has important scientific guidance for oilfield exploration deployment decision-making and mining protection plan formulation.