Recent Research on the Use of Carbon Nanomaterials in Plant Growth and Development

Carbon nanomaterials are new and adaptable tools that can be used to improve many areas of plant growth and development, such as plant physiology, morphology, and the generation of primary and secondary metabolites. Nanotechnology has advanced and pioneered in science and technology over the past few years with the potential to change technologies in business, medicine, and agriculture. Carbon-based nanomaterials include semiconductors, zero-valent metals, quantum dots, nanopolymers, and dendrimers, with different properties such as nanofiber, nanowire, and nanosheets. Carbon-based nanomaterials are beneficial for plant growth, development, and protection against abiotic stress such as drought, high soil salinity, heat, cold, and other oxidative stress. The potential application of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanodots, is increasing in plant development. These materials with unique properties have drawn much attention, which has led to the current large-scale expansion of industrial production. Regardless of the application area, this is also linked to an upward trend in the purposeful or accidental release of carbon nanoparticles into the environment, where it is still difficult to forecast how these materials may affect living things. The various kinds of carbon-based nanomaterials, the production methods, and the current developments in agricultural and environmental approaches have been covered in this chapter. The important information on the use of carbon nanoparticles is summarized, as is the current state of research pertaining to the effect of carbon nanomaterials on plant growth and development.