The Magnetic Nanoparticle Actions: A Subtle Border Between Biomedicine and Toxicology

Extensive studies have been done on nanomedicine because of the increasing use of magnetic nanomaterials. The production and research of iron oxide-derived magnetic nanomaterials (MIONs) have increased over the past 20 years, especially in the biomedicine industry. To create more efficient medication delivery systems, it is essential to comprehend interactions between biosystems and nanomaterials. Nevertheless, despite excellent diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes on different in vitro and in vivo models, the application of nanomaterials is restricted due to the absence of comprehensive biological profiles. Magnetic nanoparticles have already improved the treatment of some challenging diseases, such as cancer, to confer the potential to enhance drug-specific delivery to difficult-to-reach target areas. On their journey through reaching these targets, due to their nature and chemical organization, the magnetic nanomaterials will eventually encounter intricate systems including the neurological, vascular, renal, or digestive systems, associated with their effects derived from the interactions with biological structures under continuous studies, which, despite being vast, are weakly conclusive and still poorly understood.