An Optimal Period-Based Switching Model for Assembly Lines Considering Ergonomic Evaluation

Despite the high costs that limit the widespread adoption of automation, manual assembly lines remain prevalent in small and medium-sized manufacturing. This study uses the multi-period non-reset model to address ergonomic risks and adopts a period-based perspective. By incorporating engineering task durations and designated inspection points, the approach allows for switchable processing rates to optimize production output. Through numerical experiments in medium to high-risk environments, our model has demonstrated its ability to ensure worker safety and improve production efficiency.