An Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol of Black Widow Optimization Protocol in Mobile Sensor Nodes

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has involved in the development of the technology in today’s world. But the energy restrictions of the nodes have the impact in use of the network in many fields. The extant cluster-based energy-efficient routing consumes large amount of energy from the cluster head since the cluster head is also a node in the network. This tends to failure of the node sooner, and the number of clusters on the network is not predicted that makes complexity of the system model. Hence, this article brings the reference node to make the manual cluster on the network, which reduces the energy consumed by the cluster head as in other models. The reference node finds the number of path available for the mobile node to transmit the data by considering the congestion and retransmission, which allows the node to lose its energy. Then black widow optimized routing protocol finds the optimal path to transmit the data with received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The parameters of the model are analyzed against the extant protocols. The energy consumed in the network is 60 J for 4000 rounds; at the same time none of the node is dead, and a total of 50 mobile nodes are alive on the network by inhibiting the throughput of 99.23%, which is not happened on the state-of-the-art models.