Development of Oral Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccines Against HPV on the Basis of Plant Expression System

The expansion of papillomaviruses led to cancer and other related dangerous diseases in the world, prompting the development of new approaches to create oral vaccines both prophylactic and therapeutic ones, to be inexpensive and widely available. Plant viral expression system based on tomato fruit was considered as a production system for “late” antigenic proteins of HPV L1 for oral prophylactic vaccines as it produced antibodies in mice with high titer, avidity, long-living, stability and cross-reactivity between related and unrelated HPV L1 of different types. The antigenic “early” protein HPV16 E2 might be assumed as an anticancer agent for therapeutic vaccines against HPV and HeLa-induced cancer. Synthesized in the plant expression system, HPV16 E2 destroyed HeLa cells during join cultivation. Hela cancer cells induced the tumour growth in the testis and the lungs. HPV16 E2 eliminated the tumour growths of the testis and lungs and normalized the growth and life of vaccinated mice. Mice orally vaccinated with tomato vaccine fruit material expressing gene/protein HPV16 E2 have shown a high level of γ-interferon, T cell receptor, CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, the enlarged amounts of apoptotic enzymes: granzyme B, perforin and granulysin in peripheric mononuclear blood cells and splenocytes.