A Study of Antimicrobial Characteristics of Anadara granosa Shell-Based Hydroxyapatite (HAp)

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a calcium phosphate that has a similar chemical composition to natural human bones and widely used in biomedical applications. This study investigates the low-cost production of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Anadara granosa using a wet precipitation method. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology and physicochemical properties of HAp powders. The SEM image shows that the HAp particles were highly agglomerated. The EDS result confirmed that Ca, P, and O are the main elements of HAp. Meanwhile, all the characteristic bands of HAp were present in the FTIR spectrum. The O–H stretching bond in the HAp is shown at 3388.53 cm−1, the CO32− weak band was at 1455.88 cm−1, and the stretching mode of PO43− was at 962.57 cm−1. Antimicrobial study was conducted using the agar-well diffusion method on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The absence of an inhibitory zone on the agar plate suggested that Anadara granosa shell-based HAp lacked antibacterial capabilities.