Players of Inflammation in the Containment of Intracellular Infections

Inflammation is a common pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. Under normal conditions, inflammation is the host’s response against the infectious agent to restore the tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled or unresolved inflammation promotes the development and propagation of tissue injuries. Opposite to these, anti-inflammatory response leads to impairment of host defence and contributes to multiple organ dysfunctions ultimately leading to death. In acute conditions, stimuli, i.e., infection, etc. are relatively for a brief period of time following onset of appropriate immune response and elimination of causative pathogens within days. However, some infections, i.e., tuberculosis and leishmaniasis are not cleared quickly and persist in host system for long. Their persistence in the host continually keeps the inflammation “ON.” In the present book chapter, we will discuss about the early players of inflammation in infectious disease with an emphasis on intracellular infection.